ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the rates of psychiatric hospitalization and the average length of stay, in Brazil, from 2009 to 2019, according to sociodemographic variables and character of the hospitalization (elective or urgency). Methods: This is an ecological study, with data collected from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Hospital admission rates were described according to diagnosis, sex, and age group. Percentage variation and rate ratios were calculated. To evaluate the time series, the data were submitted to linear regression analysis. Results: The rate of hospitalization for mental disorders decreased from 14.2/10,000 in 2009 to 11.2 in 2019, with the most significant variation occurring between mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use. The men had about twice as many episodes as the women in all the years evaluated. Higher rates were found in the age group of 30 and 59 years. The length of stay also decreased in the period. Besides, the urgency character presented almost 82% of the total hospitalizations. Conclusions: There was a reduction in hospital admissions for mental disorders in the analyzed period, demonstrating the relevance of mental health care changes resulting from the Psychiatric Reform.
RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar as taxas de hospitalização psiquiátrica e o tempo médio dessas internações, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil, de 2009 a 2019, segundo variáveis sociodemográficas e caráter da internação (eletiva ou urgência). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, com dados coletados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS). Foram descritas as taxas de internação hospitalar conforme diagnóstico, sexo e faixa etária. Calcularam-se a variação percentual e a razão das taxas. Para avaliação da série temporal, os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear. Resultados: A taxa de internação hospitalar por transtornos mentais reduziu de 14,2/10.000 em 2009 para 11,2 em 2019, tendo a maior variação ocorrido entre os transtornos mentais e comportamentais devidos ao uso de álcool. O sexo masculino apresentou cerca de duas vezes mais episódios que o sexo feminino, em todos os anos avaliados. Maiores taxas foram verificadas na faixa etária de 30 e 59 anos. O tempo de internação também apresentou redução no período. Além disso, o caráter de urgência apresentou quase 82% do total de internações. Conclusões: Houve redução das internações hospitalares por transtornos mentais no período analisado, demonstrando a relevância das mudanças na assistência em saúde mental advindas da Reforma Psiquiátrica.
ABSTRACT
Cervical-facial radiotherapy causes innumerable sequelae, being systemic or restricted to the oral environment. Theoral mucosa of these patients is profoundly compromised by radiotherapeutic treatment with or without chemotherapy,presenting several complications. Dentifrices containing sodium lauryl sulfate cause damage, as they lead to drynessof the mucosa. The objective of this work was to develop a dentifrice capable of minimizing xerostomia related toa lower abrasive effect, which was intended for hygiene, prevention of caries, control of dental biofilm, and toothsensitivity in cancer patients. The qualitative composition and physicochemical characteristics of ten dentifrices wereanalyzed, which enabled the preparation of the proposed formulation (PF) that was analyzed periodically for 180days. The quantitative analysis of spreadability not only indicated favorable behavior of the PF in relation to thepackaging and storage conditions but also revealed the need to raise the propylene glycol concentration in the PF toavoid the occurrence of syneresis after 60 days. Furthermore, pH data showed that the PF is compatible with the pHof oral homeostasis thus avoiding the occurrence of dental demineralization. It is suggested that the PF has a singularcomposition and physicochemical quality to be used as a suitable dentifrice for patients undergoing anticancer therapy